Wayang Golek is one of a variety of wayang art in Indonesia. It is called Wayang Golek because it is shaped like a Golek (Doll) and is made of wood which is carved, carved, drawn and colored to create the desired shape.
Along with its development, this puppet is divided into three types. First, Puppet Golek Papak which developed in Cirebon, tells the story of the chronicle and legend using the Cirebon language. Secondly, Wayang Golek Purwa is devoted to performing the Mahabharata and Ramayana plays in Sundanese. Meanwhile, the Wayang Golek Modern has the same story as the Wayang Purwa but is shown with tricks using electricity.
Wayang Golek has origins that cannot be clearly known due to the lack of information, both written and oral. Even so the existence of this art is believed to be part of the development of Wayang Kulit in Java. Referring to the information of Salmun (1986), it was mentioned that in 1583 AD Sunan Kudus made wooden puppets which were then called wayang which could be performed during the daytime.
Ismunandar (1988) also mentioned that at the beginning of the 16th century Sunan Kudus built 70 "Wayang Purwo" buildings with Menak stories accompanied by the Salendro gamelan. The show is done at noon. This puppet does not require a color in the form of a puppet made of wood (not of skin as well as Wayang Kulit).
The first Wayang Golek was the Menak Wayang Golek which carried the play revolving around the banner story. It was also mentioned that this type of Puppet Golek developed since the time of Panembahan Ratu which was the great-grandson of Sunan Gunung Jati (1540-1650). In Cirebon, this puppet is better known as the Puppet Golek Papak or smacking with the characteristic shape of a flat head.
In a further development in the era of Prince Girilaya (1650-1662), this puppet performed a story that was equipped with a chronicle, the history of the land of Java, including the history of the spread of Islam. Furthermore, puppet show with plays Ramayana and Mahabarata (purwa) who were born in 1840 (Somantri, 1988).
It is also known that the birth of puppet art was initiated by Dalem Karang Anyar (Wiranata Koesoemah III) at the end of his term. At that time Dalem ordered Ki Darman (a leather puppeteer from Tegal) who lived in Cibiru, Ujung Berung, to make a wooden puppet. The shape of the puppet that was originally made was flat and patterned on the shadow puppets. However, in further developments, on the recommendation of Dalem, Ki Darman made a rounded puppet not much different from the puppet show now.
In the area of Priangan itself was known in the early 19th century. The introduction of the Sundanese people to the puppet show was made possible since the opening of the Daendels highway connecting the coastal area with the mountainous Priangan. Originally this puppet art was staged in Priangan using Javanese. However, after Sundanese masters mastery, the language used is Sundanese.
This art was born as an art that is rich in cultural values. Not only revolves around the aesthetic value alone, it even covers the whole values contained in the supporting society. These values are socialized by puppet artists and artists who carry out the puppet code of ethics. The code of ethics of puppetry is called "Sapta Sila Honor Artists Artisan Pedalangan West Java". The formulation of the puppet code of ethics was the result of deliberations by puppet artists on 28 February 1964 in Bandung.
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Culture and Art